The Copenhagen Accord agreed to at U.N. talks in December required governments to submit their climate plans by Jan. 31.
The 17 percent U.S. target is about a 4 percent cut from the 1990 baseline other industrialized countries are using, and it's contingent on passing domestic legislation.
The European Union said it would stick with its pledge to cut emissions 20 percent from 1990 levels by 2020 — and 30 percent if other nations go along.
The Marshall Islands, which fears sea level rise, said on Thursday it would cut emissions 40 percent by 2020.
"If one of the smallest and most vulnerable island states can take action, the largest countries have no excuse not to follow our example," said Foreign Minister John Silk.